";s:4:"text";s:29471:"During World War II, Navy corpsmen had the official rating of Apprentice, Hospital Apprentice, or Pharmacist’s Mate. The first date reflects the WD designation as a Hospital Ship, followed by the WDGO and date, the name of the vessel, the year built, the speed, the patient capacity, the port of departure, the destination, and finally the date of embarkation. Each ship's history is fully covered, concentrating on the ship's hospital service. In North Africa, only British Hospital Ships were involved at first, as no American Hospital Ships were yet available, and transfer from shore to ship, was handled with help of LSTs. They offered maximum safety, comfort, and medical care, and moreover they were protected by the Geneva Convention! They represented a total accommodation for 16,755 hospital patients. Her service took her to Brisbane, Australia and Hollandia, New Guinea, where she assisted a major Army hospital. It was officially designated a US Army Hospital Ship by WDGO No. Commissioned 28 Dec 20 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-1 ‘USS Relief’, designed and built in 1918 as a Hospital Ship – 15 knots – 500 patients – Casco Bay > Pacific 23 Nov 1941 (served for more than 20 years as US Navy Hospital ship, decommissioned 11 Jun 46) Created / Published 1921-1943, bulk 1941-1943. Much of her service was spent in Hollandia, the Leyte Gulf, San Pedro Bay, and Pearl Harbor, before eventually sailing to join the 5th Fleet at Ulithi, Caroline Islands. During WW2, Hospital Ships were again to play a major role in the evacuation of patients from overseas Theaters of Operations. Why Is the Bowfin Submarine at Pearl Harbor. Required fields are marked *. The ship was a genuine ‘floating’ Hospital. 3 Jan 44 – WDGO 19 dated 4 Mar 44, US Army Hospital Ship ‘USAHS Ernest Hinds’,ex-Kent, built 1918 (former East coast passenger ship) – 12 knots – 288 patients – Charleston > Italy 14 Jul 44 (decommissioned 17 Oct 45). The ships were safer from enemy attacks; they were heated inside and provided with bunks, and the necessary operating rooms and personnel for handling medical ands surgical cases. After extensive refitting and shakedown, the ship left San Diego with destination the Pacific Theater, where it took part in the WW2 numerous campaigns. Picture of British Hospital Carrier “Naushon” (converted American ferryboat with a capacity for 300 patients). Ambulatory patients to be returned to the ZI, and who could care for themselves, crossed the Atlantic on returning American Troopships OR British fast liners such as the ‘Queen Mary’ or the ‘Queen Elizabeth’! When the fighting is primarily on the open ocean, providing medical treatment to the injured can be far more complicated. At the end of June 1945, a total of 481 Commissioned Officers, 29 Warrant Officers, 1,112 Nurses, and 4,351 Enlisted Men were assigned to Medical Hospital Ship Complements. Although without definite plans, the US Army would acquire 320 Hospital Cars for operation in the Zone of Interior – of these, 120 were former Pullman sleepers and lounge cars that would be converted to Hospital Cars with 32 berths arranged in 2 tiers – the remaining 200 would be specially designed and built as Hospital … -- Army -- Hospital ships, WWII, US Army, Military Nursing, USAHS Marigold, USAHS Dogwood, USAHS Thistle, USAHS St Mihiel, USAHS Shamrock, USAHS Seminole, USAHS Algonquin, USAHS Wisteria, USAHS Chateau Thierry, USAHS Emily H M … While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars and historians, as well as its veterans, a generation of Americans has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war that, more than any other, united us as a people with a common purpose. World War II Draft Cards Looks at the various issues involved with the evacuation of the sick and wounded from the battlefield. After the Battle of the Bulge, and the new and final offensive against Germany, extra patients began overcrowding many Hospitals placing a strain on personnel and bed capacity. Except for 560 patients taken out on assault transports (APAs), the other casualties evacuated by sea traveled on either LSTs or British Hospital Carriers. Furthermore, because of the large number of German casualties and the inevitable language barrier, 2 German Army Medical Officers assisted by 100 / 120 German medical orderlies and personnel were on temporary duty at the 56th Station Hospital. There was a fifth vessel, the “St. Army Hospital Ships in World War II Paperback – September 1, 2011 by Harold Larson (Author), Office of Chief of Transportation (Author), Army Service Forces (Author) & 5.0 out of 5 stars 1 rating. Navy vessels during World War II ... Also one image of a hospital ship at the Philadelphia Navy Yard (Pennsylvania) dated Feb. 15, 1921. Evacuation from the Anzio Beachhead took place by LST to offshore British and American Hospital Ships and Carriers too. The request was refused by the Bureau of the Budget, on grounds that the Maritime Commission should procure the vessels from its own funds, and stating that such ships came under the cognizance of the Navy (there was also a critical shipping shortage after the Pearl Harbor attack and other priorities)! Although intended for passenger service, the outbreak of war caused Britannic to be converted to a hospital ship instead, with more than 3,000 berths for wounded soldiers. By war's end, the fleet had carried nearly 17,000 sick and wounded home. Continued deliberations, additional requirements, lack of decisions, took their toll, and not much happened. It later returned to the Palau Islands (Peleliu), and also took part in the Okinawa and Iwo Jima campaigns. This particular issue authorized a total strength of 14 Officers – 1 Warrant Officer – 34 Nurses – and 135 Enlisted Men. This richly illustrated work covers all 39 ships that served as U.S. Navy and Army hospital ships during World War II. Evacuation ships carried light armament, but did not meet the criteria established by the Geneva Conventions for the designation of Hospital Ship because they carried troops and sometimes arms in combination with injured. The ship, with a capacity for 586 patients, and a speed of 11 knots, left New York P/E on 12 Aug 44 with destination the United Kingdom. Local Commanders of the different Service Commands, staffed and operated the Hospital Cars and Ambulances, used for removal of patients from ports of entry and transportation to the ZI Hospitals. Regulations were changed in many respects, but finally basic responsibilities were set up: Army Hospitalization and Evacuation were under the general direction of the Commanding General, Army Service Forces (ASF), while The Surgeon General was directly responsible for coordination and completion of evacuation plans and control of bed capacity in ZI General Hospitals, and for making available medical personnel, equipment and supplies for the care of patients, and the Chief of Transportation was responsible for providing adequate shipping (and rail) facilities, scheduling and operating the ships, debarking of patients at US ports, and transfer of patients to either Hospital Trains or Ambulances. Commissioned 15 Aug 44 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-7 ‘USS Hope’, ex-C 1-B freighter hull, built 1943 – 15 ½ knots – 400 patients – Wilmington > Southwest Pacific 23 Sep 44 – 215th Med Hosp Ship Co (decommissioned 9 May 46, transferred to US Army where it remained in custody from 1946 to 1950) Medical advances made due to war injuries – physical and psychological Realizing the success of the Red Rover as a floating hospital, the U.S. Navy made more extensive use of hospital ships in this war with Spain. They operated with British crews under the British Ministry of Transportation, and in 3 cases, with US Army medical complements on board (some were increased by adding extra personnel from the Auxiliary Surgical Teams and Hospital Trains). Originally a Liberty Ship, the St. Olaf was converted in 1942 in Boston on behalf of the US Army Transportation Service (USAT). Personnel – 5 Officers, 5 Nurses, 49 Enlisted Men (this vessel had ANC Nurses on board, assigned to Hospital Train No. The Comfort class hospital ship was a United States Navy World War II-era hospital ship design. World War II Young American Patriots, 1941-1945 World War II Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard Casualties, 1941-1945 World War II Japanese-American Internment Camp Documents, 1942-1946 WWII U.S. Navy Aircraft Carrier Muster Rolls, 1939-1949 U.S. WWII Military Personnel Missing In Action or Lost At Sea, 1941-1946. All instruments for major surgery, such as operating tables, lamps, autoclaves, inhalation, intravenous, and anesthesia facilities, skeletal tractions, gowns, and masks were stocked on board. Please stay healthy. The Hospital Ships ordered by the Army (officially designated: US Army Hospital Ship > USAHS), and allowed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff only became available end 1943; they were Army-controlled, but Navy-built, commanded, and operated and were all earmarked for service in the different Theaters (only the medical staff was Army personnel)! The first U.S. hospital ship of World War II saw service in mid–1943. 16 May 44 – WDGO 61 dated 1 Aug 44, US Army Hospital Ship ‘USAHS Charles A. Stafford’, ex-Siboney, built 1918 (former East coast passenger ship) – 16 knots – 706 patients – New York > United Kingdom 21 Sep 44 (decommissioned 2 Nov 46) Personnel – 5 officers, 5 Nurses, 49 Enlisted Men Between D-Day and D+11, LSTs transported almost 80% of the wounded evacuated from Normandy. There was however a serious risk, as contrary to Hospital Ships, which WERE protected by the Geneva Convention, Troop Ships did not bear specific Geneva Convention symbols, and thus represented legitimate targets for the enemy! Commissioned 9 Aug 41 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-5 ‘USS Solace’, ex-Iroquois, built 1926 (former passenger ship) – 18 knots – 450 patients – New York > Pacific 1 Sep 41 (was at Pearl Harbor 7 Dec 41, decommissioned 27 Mar 46) During the American Civil War (1861-1865), it continuously sailed the Mississippi River treating almost 3,000 patients from both sides. Samaritan evacuated wounded from Guam, Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. After V-J Day, Hospitals Ships which could be released from patient evacuation were to be employed as passenger vessels for repatriation of American servicemen and women, and military dependents. In total 29 Hospital Ships had been authorized for the Army during WW2, but only 24 were in service when the war ended. USS Refuge was decommissioned on April 2nd, 1946 and sold for scrap on February 2nd, 1948. In total 12 such vessels would at first operate out of Corsica, afterwards all ships embarked casualties at Ste-Maxime (S. France) and discharged American patients at Naples (Italy) and French patients at Oran (Algeria). Operations at Berrichid ended on 15 August 1943, when the PW camp was closed. An example would be ferrying injured troops away from combat zones and troops and military supplies to combat zones. With U-boats patrolling the entire Atlantic, there was no stretch of ocean that was not vulnerable to attack. At Southampton, the Casualty Reception Center operated with the help of the 93d Medical Gas Treatment Battalion (CO > Colonel Joseph W. Palmer, MC), supported by elements of its own organic companies, as well as 1 Medical Sanitary and 2 Motor Ambulance Companies. Commissioned 1 March 44 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-10 ‘USS Samaritan’, ex-Chaumont, built 1920 (former troopship) – 14 ½ knots – 394 patients – Seattle > Pacific 8 Mar 44 (decommissioned 29 Aug 46) Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic tourism in Hawaii has halted. Originally, the 9,576 gross register tons (GRT) vessel was to be named Achimota and operated by thr British and African Steam Navigation Company, … During the fighting for Okinawa she was unfortunately hit by a kamikaze plane on 28 April 1945; suffering extensive damage and loss of life, the ship was temporarily repaired and returned to the United States by way of Saipan. From 1943 to 1945 I was Head Physical Therapist at the 20th General Hospital, India. For D-Day, June 1944, Navy shore parties loaded casualties onto LSTs and other vessels for evacuation to England. Colonel Clifford H. Arnold, MC, was ordered to organize the ship’s medical complement. The British relied on Hospital Trains to transport the wounded from the wharves to the transit hospitals, whereas the Americans mainly used ambulances for the first stage of land evacuation. Most ships were converted passenger liners and cargo or troop ships. Some of the Medical Hospital Ship Platoons not only served aboard Hospital Ships, but were also involved with providing medical support on board Army and Navy Troopships. By 30 Jun 44, the 27th Hosp Cen had been developed, including 4 General, 2 Station, and 1 Field Hospital with an aggregate bed capacity of 3,650, which was increased to 8,930 by Oct 44, and further expanded to 9,502 by spring of 45. The patients were housed in 9 prefabricated buildings and numerous tents. Her career was however not over, she was re-converted to a transport ship reverting to her old name ‘USAT Saturnia’ and was used to bring back troops and war brides from Europe to the United States. For the next two years, Bountiful operated out of Honolulu and sailed to Saipan, the Marianas Islands, Yokosuka, Japan, and eventually assisted with the Iwo Jima invasion. 20 Apr 44 – WDGO 47 dated 6 Jun 44, US Army Hospital Ship ‘USAHS John J. Meany’, ex-Zebulon B. Vance, built 1942 (former Liberty ship) – 11 knots – 582 patients – New York > Italy 27 Jul 44 (decommissioned 25 Jan 46) Fifty-four out of 103 LSTs were converted to accommodate casualties (capacity 144 + 150 litter patients + 100/150 walking wounded). Commissioned 20 Jun 45 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-17 ‘USS Sanctuary’, ex-Marine Owl, C 4-S-B2 freighter hull completed as a Hospital Ship in 1944 – 17 ½ knots – 796 patients – Norfolk > Pacific 31 Jul 45 (decommissioned 15 Aug 46, recommissioned 15 Nov 66 for service in Vietnam, decommissioned 15 Dec 71, recommisioned 18 Nov 72, and finally decommissioned 26 Mar 75). On 7 December 1943, a new version T/O & E 8-537T was published and redesignated Medical Hospital Ship Complement. The first U.S. hospital ship of World War II saw service in mid–1943. Your email address will not be published. Interior view of the surgical ward of the USAHS Shamrock. 24 Feb 44 – WDGO 28 dated 3 Apr 44, US Army Hospital Ship ‘USAHS John L. Clem’, ex-Irwin, built 1918 (former East coast passenger ship) – 12 ½ knots – 286 patients – Charleston > N. Africa 15 Jun 44 (decommissioned 17 Oct 45) Four British Hospital Carriers helped evacuate casualties from the American D-Day beaches. The USAT ex-Saturnia was an Italian vessel, seized from the Italian Government, and later leased by the Wartime Shipping Administration in 1944, which used the ship and crew for troop transportation between the ZI and the ETO. Commissioned 5 May 44 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-6 ‘USS Comfort’, ex-C 1-B freighter hull, built 1943 – 15 knots – 400 patients – San Pedro > Australia 21 Jun 44 – 205th Med Hosp Ship Co (decommissioned 19 Apr 46). AH-10 Samaritan, converted troopship, 394-patients Hospital Ship operated by the Navy. Particular attention focused on the transition over time of the nurses' ability to adapt and function in a team aboard ship while under wartime conditions. The Officer made his last trip on the USAHS “Acadia” before resuming his duties as CO of the 233d Medical Hospital Ship Complement, some time around May-June 1945. The Pearl Harbor Visitors Bureau is not affiliated, associated, authorized, endorsed by, or in any way officially connected with the Pearl Harbor Visitor Center, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument, National Park Service, or U.S. Department of the Interior. 12, it was active at Omaha Beach from 7 June, and sailed for Southampton on 8 June with 150 patients) They were more comfortable for patients than the LSTs, although they lacked easy boarding facilities (no ramps). At the beginning of WW2 and during the gradual build-up of United States Forces in the British Isles, transatlantic evacuation from the United Kingdom back to the ZI was still an unresolved issue. The list may also include several ships commissioned before World War II. In April of 1945, she evacuated wounded from Guam before sailing to Okinawa, where she was hit by a Japanese kamikaze. The Francis Y. Slanger had a bed capacity of 1,628 patients and a speed of 19 knots, it left New York P/E on 30 Jun 45 with destination the United Kingdom. After her conversion into a hospital ship in March of 1944, she was recommissioned USS Samaritan and given a new hull designation. Litters ready to receive patients. It was decommissioned by WDGO No. The first U.S. hospital ship of World War II saw service in mid-1943. Inter-service misunderstandings and rivalry, as well as incomplete specifications, and endless discussions, not only delayed the project, moreover it was even given a low priority! She is seen here moored amidst the target fleet at Bikini Atoll 13 July 1946. After the war had ended in Europe, a number of Hospital Ships were transferred to the Pacific for further service. 22 Feb 44 – WD GO 25 dated 27 Mar 44, US Army Hospital Ship ‘USAHS St. Mihiel’, built 1920 (former troopship) – 16 knots – 504 patients – Boston > N. Africa 10 May 44 (decommissioned 21 Mar 46) Personnel – 5 Officers, 6 Nurses, 49 Enlisted Men Non-transportable patients were sent to the holding units of the 28th Field and 46th Field Hospitals in Southampton. In March 1944, as the number of transatlantic evacuees increased due to the expansion of American Forces and the drive to clear Hospital beds before the planned D-Day operation, the Army obtained temporary WD permission to embark non-ambulatory patients on Troop Transports. PBS (Peninsular Base Section) 883d Medical Collecting Company Ambulances bring in their patients for evacuation by Hospital Ship, from Leghorn to Naples. In September, 1948, I retired as a Captain on a Medical Disability. This policy was formally authorized in August 1943 for the ETO. Commissioned 27 Nov 42 – US Navy Evacuation Transport APH-2 ‘USS Pinkney’, ex-Alcoa Corsair, C 2-S1-A1 hull built in 1941 – 18 knots – San Francisco > Pacific 8 Dec 42 (decommissioned 9 Sep 46) USS Bountiful started her service as a transport vessel for the Navy, USS Henderson (AP-1). There was an Army-Navy dispute over how many Hospital Ships should be obtained, and which service should build and operate them. As more fixed hospital beds became available with the fall of Marseille and Toulon, evacuation out of France became less necessary. Hospital Carrier “Dinard”: The ship participated in many of the Pacific campaigns during World War 2. In January 1945, Lt. Commissioned 24 Feb 44 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-11 ‘USS Refuge’, ex-Kenmore, built 1921 (former passenger ship) – 11 ½ knots – 626 patients – Hampton Roads > Pacific 1 Dec 42 (decommissioned 2 Apr 46) The Hospital Ship unit was subdivided into a Headquarters, a group of Administrative Sections (Registrar-Supply-Chaplain-Chief Nurse-Laundry-Mess), and another group of Professional Sections (Surgical-Medical-Laboratory-Pharmacy-X-Ray-Dental-Receiving & Disposition). USAHS Frances Y. Slanger, at Brooklyn Shipyards, ZI, where the former transport vessel was converted, early Jun 45. Introduction. Particular attention focused on the transition over time of the nurses' ability to adapt and function in a team aboard ship while under wartime conditions. Commissioned 26 May 45 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-16 ‘USS Repose’, ex-C 4-S-B2 freighter hull completed as a Hospital Ship in 1944 – 18 ½ knots – 800 patients – Norfolk > Pacific 8 Jul 45 (decommissioned 19 Jan 50, recommisioned 26 Aug 50 for service in Korea, decommissioned 21 Dec 54, recommissioned 16 Oct 65 for service in Vietnam, and finally decommissioned 15 Aug 70) Beginning as an Apprentice while in training, a corpsman would be promoted to a Hospital Apprentice First or Second Class after finishing Hospital … During the Invasion of Sicily, both the ‘USAHS Acadia’ and ‘USAHS Seminole’ were on call, with additional support from British Hospital Ships and Carriers, while evacuation from the beaches was again handled by LST. In May 1942, it was decided to use cargo ship hulls and convert them into Hospital Ships. Following this period, the 56th set up in an orphanage in Casablanca, where it ran a convalescent camp on behalf of the 6th General Hospital. Launched in 1927 as the passenger ship SS Iroquois, USS Solace was acquired by the US Navy and commissioned as a hospital ship on August 9th, 1941. This … In total, the US Navy would operate a fleet of 15 Hospital Ships, and 3 Ambulance Ships. Wanganella was an Australian registered and crewed ship converted a to hospital ship in 1941. Commencing on D-day-plus-1, these ships, the Samaritan (AH 10) and the Solace (AH 5), augmented by the Pinkney (APH 2), and Bountiful (AH 9), and the reserve hospital ship, Ozark (LSV 2), inaugurated a series of shuttle trips from Iwo Jima to Saipan and Guam. Between 6 > 22 June 1944, over 6,000 wounded disembarked at Southampton. More efforts were now aimed at obtaining additional transatlantic hospital-type accommodations, including enlarging troop capacity of ‘Queen Mary’ and ‘Queen Elizabeth’ liners, and converting 6 additional Troopships to Ambulance vessels. The list below identifies newly-built Army Hospital Ships and/or converted vessels. T/O 8-534 dated 21 December 1942 was drafted to cover Medical Hospital Ship Platoons (Separate) authorizing a personnel force of 7 Officers – 20 Nurses – 1 Warrant Officer – 60 Enlisted personnel, i.e. In both cases, she avoided taking damage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hospital_ships_sunk_in_World_War_II Between November 1918 and March 1919, three US Navy-operated and staffed Hospital Ships, ‘USS Comfort’ (AH-3) – ‘USS Mercy’ (AH-4) – ‘USS Solace’ (AH-2) evacuated patients from Europe to the United States (the Navy was indeed responsible for carrying all wounded, sick, and injured AEF personnel from France to the United States – in WW2, the Army decided it was her responsibility, and she wanted to arrange evacuation with her own ships -ed). Navy vessels during World War II ... Also one image of a hospital ship at the Philadelphia Navy Yard (Pennsylvania) dated Feb. 15, 1921. Commissioned 5 May 45 – US Navy Hospital Ship AH-12 ‘USS Haven’, ex-Marine Hawk, C 4-S-B2 freight hull completed as a Hospital Ship in 1944 – 17 ½ knots – 802 patients – New York > Pacific 16 Jun 45 (decommissioned 5 Nov 46, recommissioned 15 Sep 50 for service in Korea, and finally decommissioned 1 Jul 57) USS Henderson (AP-1) before her conversion to USS Bountiful (AH-9). Hence the Theater policy would consider sending non-ambulatory cases on plainly marked and regularly operated Hospital Ships only. The US Navy operated its first Hospital Ship during the years of the Tripolitan War (1801-1805). The own personnel was not sufficient to cope with this large influx of prisoner patients and was therefore supplemented by Detachments of 3 Officers – 6 Nurses – and 22 Enlisted Men each belonging to the 34th – 36th – 37th Medical Hospital Ship Platoons. Commissioned in … World War II Young American Patriots, 1941-1945 World War II Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard Casualties, 1941-1945 World War II Japanese-American Internment Camp Documents, 1942-1946 WWII U.S. Navy Aircraft Carrier Muster Rolls, 1939-1949 U.S. WWII Military Personnel Missing In Action or Lost At Sea, 1941-1946. World War II hospital ships of the United Kingdom (2 C, 10 F) World War II hospital ships of the United States (2 C) Ural Maru (ship, 1929) (2 F) Eve of World War 2: At the beginning of 1939 the Medical Department had NO Hospital Trains on hand and only indefinite plans for procuring them in the event of war! The deployment of Army Hospital Ships was determined chiefly by combat operations. Commissioned into service on August 7th, 1944, USS Mercy was the third of the Comfort-class of hospital ships. USAHS St. Olaf, at berth, somwhere in Britain. 51 dated 19 Jun 44. 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